desc.objectives.SurfaceQuadraticFlux

class desc.objectives.SurfaceQuadraticFlux(surface, field, target=None, bounds=None, weight=1, normalize=True, normalize_target=True, eval_grid=None, field_grid=None, name='Surface Quadratic Flux', field_fixed=False, jac_chunk_size=None, *, bs_chunk_size=None, **kwargs)Source

Target B*n = 0 on a surface.

Used to find a quadratic-flux-minimizing (QFM) surface, so a FourierRZToroidalSurface should be passed to the objective. Should always be used along with a ToroidalFlux or Volume objective to ensure that the resulting QFM surface has the desired amount of flux enclosed and avoid trivial solutions.

Note: This objective can be used with field_fixed=True to find the QFM surface by fixing the coils, however the surface is always free to change. For coil optimization, use the QuadraticFlux objective.

Parameters:

• surface (FourierRZToroidalSurface) – QFM surface upon which the normal field error will be minimized.

• field (MagneticField) – External field produced by coils or other source, which will be optimized to minimize the normal field error on the provided QFM surface. May be fixed by passing in field_fixed=True

• eval_grid (Grid, optional) – Collocation grid containing the nodes on the surface at which the magnetic field is being calculated and where to evaluate Bn errors. Default grid is: LinearGrid(rho=np.array([1.0]), M=surface.M_grid, N=surface.N_grid, NFP=surface.NFP, sym=False)

• field_grid (Grid, optional) – Grid used to discretize field (e.g. grid for the magnetic field source from coils). Default grid is determined by the specific MagneticField object, see the docs of that object’s compute_magnetic_field method for more detail.

• field_fixed (bool) – Whether or not to fix the magnetic field’s DOFs during the optimization.

• bs_chunk_size (int or None) – Size to split Biot-Savart computation into chunks of evaluation points. If no chunking should be done or the chunk size is the full input then supply None.

• target ({float, ndarray}, optional) – Target value(s) of the objective. Only used if bounds is None. Must be broadcastable to Objective.dim_f. Defaults to target=0.

• bounds (tuple of {float, ndarray}, optional) – Lower and upper bounds on the objective. Overrides target. Both bounds must be broadcastable to Objective.dim_f. Defaults to target=0.

• weight ({float, ndarray}, optional) – Weighting to apply to the Objective, relative to other Objectives. Must be broadcastable to Objective.dim_f.

• normalize (bool, optional) – Whether to compute the error in physical units or non-dimensionalize.

• normalize_target (bool, optional) – Whether target and bounds should be normalized before comparing to computed values. If normalize is True and the target is in physical units, this should also be set to True.

• loss_function ({None, 'mean', 'min', 'max','sum'}, optional) – Loss function to apply to the objective values once computed. This loss function is called on the raw compute value, before any shifting, scaling, or normalization.

• deriv_mode ({"auto", "fwd", "rev"}) – Specify how to compute Jacobian matrix, either forward mode or reverse mode AD. auto selects forward or reverse mode based on the size of the input and output of the objective. Has no effect on self.grad or self.hess which always use reverse mode and forward over reverse mode respectively.

• name (str, optional) – Name of the objective.

• jac_chunk_size (int or auto, optional) – Will calculate the Jacobian jac_chunk_size columns at a time, instead of all at once. The memory usage of the Jacobian calculation is roughly memory usage = m0+m1*jac_chunk_size: the smaller the chunk size, the less memory the Jacobian calculation will require (with some baseline memory usage). The time it takes to compute the Jacobian is roughly t = t0+t1/jac_chunk_size so the larger the jac_chunk_size, the faster the calculation takes, at the cost of requiring more memory. If None, it will use the largest size i.e obj.dim_x. Can also help with Hessian computation memory, as Hessian is essentially jacfwd(jacrev(f)), and each of these operations may be chunked. Defaults to chunk_size=None. Note: When running on a CPU (not a GPU) on a HPC cluster, DESC is unable to accurately estimate the available device memory, so the auto chunk_size option will yield a larger chunk size than may be needed. It is recommended to manually choose a chunk_size if an OOM error is experienced in this case.

Methods

build([use_jit, verbose])	Build constant arrays.
compute(params_1[, params_2, constants])	Compute normal field on surface.
compute_scalar(*args, **kwargs)	Compute the scalar form of the objective.
compute_scaled(*args, **kwargs)	Compute and apply weighting and normalization.
compute_scaled_error(*args, **kwargs)	Compute and apply the target/bounds, weighting, and normalization.
compute_unscaled(*args, **kwargs)	Compute the raw value of the objective.
copy([deepcopy])	Return a (deep)copy of this object.
equiv(other)	Compare equivalence between DESC objects.
grad(*args, **kwargs)	Compute gradient vector of self.compute_scalar wrt x.
hess(*args, **kwargs)	Compute Hessian matrix of self.compute_scalar wrt x.
jac_scaled(*args, **kwargs)	Compute Jacobian matrix of self.compute_scaled wrt x.
jac_scaled_error(*args, **kwargs)	Compute Jacobian matrix of self.compute_scaled_error wrt x.
jac_unscaled(*args, **kwargs)	Compute Jacobian matrix of self.compute_unscaled wrt x.
jvp_scaled(v, x[, constants])	Compute Jacobian-vector product of self.compute_scaled.
jvp_scaled_error(v, x[, constants])	Compute Jacobian-vector product of self.compute_scaled_error.
jvp_unscaled(v, x[, constants])	Compute Jacobian-vector product of self.compute_unscaled.
load(load_from[, file_format])	Initialize from file.
print_value(args[, args0])	Print the value of the objective and return a dict of values.
save(file_name[, file_format, file_mode])	Save the object.
xs(*things)	Return a tuple of args required by this objective from optimizable things.

Attributes

bounds	Lower and upper bounds of the objective.
built	Whether the transforms have been precomputed (or not).
constants	Constant parameters such as transforms and profiles.
dim_f	Number of objective equations.
fixed	Whether the objective fixes individual parameters (or linear combo).
linear	Whether the objective is a linear function (or nonlinear).
name	Name of objective (str).
normalization	normalizing scale factor.
scalar	Whether default "compute" method is a scalar or vector.
target	Target value(s) of the objective.
things	Optimizable things that this objective is tied to.
weight	Weighting to apply to the Objective, relative to other Objectives.